FARMER-HERDER CONFLICT DYNAMICS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE DELIVERY IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examined the dynamics of farmer-herder conflict and their implications for agricultural extension service delivery in Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected from extension agents through questionnaires, focus group discussions, and interviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that major causes of conflict include destruction of crops by cattle ( = 3.82), struggle over land ( = 3.80), competition for water resources ( = 3.70), and free grazing ( = 3.70). Other contributing factors were climate change, arms proliferation, poor governance, and political influence. Religious and ethnic differences were rated relatively low, indicating that the conflict is primarily resource-based rather than ethno-religious. The conflict significantly disrupts extension service delivery by limiting agents’ mobility, endangering lives, reducing farmer access, and delaying service provision. These disruptions weaken technology dissemination and farmer participation. The study recommends strengthening local conflict-resolution mechanisms, promoting controlled grazing and sustainable land use, enhancing extension agents’ capacity in peace building, and ensuring their safety in conflict-prone areas to improve service delivery and foster peaceful coexistence in Benue State, Nigeria.