Characterization, Classification and Land Capability Evaluation of an Obuohia-Ibere Toposequence, Southeastern Nigeria
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A toposequence at Obuohia-Ibere, Ikwuano L.G.A, Abia State was characterized, classified and evaluated for its capability. The toposequence was stratified into summit, upper slope, toe slope and valley bottom. Four (4) profile pits, one (1) per topographic strata was dug and characterized. The results indicated that the soils along the toposequence were medium to fine textured. Chemically, the soils of the summit and upper slopes were strongly acid (pH 4.4-5.1), low in organic carbon (0.3-1.5g/kg), available phosphorus (5.3-13.0mg/kg) and exchangeable bases. The soils of toe slope and valley bottom were moderately acid (pH 5.0-5.8) in reaction. These soils also had moderate to high levels of organic carbon (1.2-14.1g/kg), available phosphorus (7.5-23.0mg/kg) and exchangeable bases. Soils at the summit and upper slope were classified as sammentic Paleudults based on the criteria of USDA which correlated Haplic Arenosols in the WRBSR system. Those at the toe slope and valley bottom qualified as Cumulic Humaquepts in the USDA and correlated Gleyic Cambisol in the WRBSR. Land capability evaluation of the study area placed the soils of the summit and upper slope in sub-classes Vft and Vf on grounds of fertility and slope limitations respectively. The soils of toe slope were classed III, sub-class IIIfw, due to
moderate limitations of soil fertility and wetness, whereas the soils of valley bottom were placed in the sub class IVw, due to severe wetness limitations. Land uses that best suit the various strata of the toposequence, would enhance its economic benefit and sustainability. Consequently the soils of summit and upper slope should be restricted to pasture, grazing and forestry due to high erosion risk. On the other hand, the soils of toe slope and valley bottom can be adapted for agronomic activities by applying moderate conservation practices such as liming, manuring, fertilization and good water control.
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