Evaluation of soil properties as influenced by land use system in Obio Akpa community of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Physical and chemical properties of soils derived from coastal plain sands under three land-use system (arable land, rubber and oil palm plantation) in Obio Akpa community, Akwa Ibom State were evaluated to determine the fertility status of the soils. Composite soil samples were collected from 0-15cm depth in triplicate and analyzed for some physical and chemical properties. Results obtained indicated that texture of the soils were sandy in nature with high percentage of sands which varies from 93.5 – 95.5%. The bulk density varies significantly in this order: 1.68 gcm-3 (Arable land) >1.65 gcm-3 (rubber plantation)> 1.51 gcm-3 (oil palm plantation). The soils were acidic with
pH value in the order of 5.16 (rubber) > 4.98 (oil palm) > 4.98 (arable land). Low organic matter contents were noticed in all the soils and they vary from 2.03% (rubber) to 2.2% (oil palm). Available phosphorous varies significantly across the three land- use types with a mean value of 19.3 kg-1 rated moderate. The order of abundance of CEC with means values were: Ca (5.9)> Mg (1.9) > K (0.14) > Na (0.08) cmolkg-1. Physical properties of the soils correlated significantly with the chemical properties except organic matter (R2=0.866*) and available phosphorous (R2=0.0977) with a weak relationship. The soils require nutrient supplementation especially through organic manure application for sustained crop production but the soils are mostly suitable for oil palm plantation.
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