Soil Inventory and Spatial Distribution of Fertility Potential of an Ultisol under Different Land Use Types in Isingwu, Southeast, Nigeria
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Abstract
Soils, under three land use types on an Ultisol in Isingwu, Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State, southeast, Nigeria were studied to characterize, classify and asses the fertility potentials thereof. The land use types were arable (AR), five-year fallow (FA) and a fifty year forest (FO). Representative profile soil samples from the land use types were analyzed for their
morphological, physical and chemical properties. Geo-spatial technique estimated the spatial distribution of the soil fertility potentials of the soils. Results revealed well drained and deep (> 100 cm) soils; weak to moderate crumb-structure over moderate to strong sub-angular structured subsurface horizons and friable consistence (moist) over firm consistence subsurface horizons. Arable land was less dark in colour (10YR 5/3) compared to other land use types. Silt and clay fractions moderately varied (> 15<35 %) whereas sand fraction did not significantly vary (<15 %). Top soil bulk density of AR, FA and FO were 1.61, 1.41 and 1.29 mg/m-3 respectively. Organic carbon was high (1.96 – 2.12%) under FO; moderate (1.52 %) under FA and low (1.37
%) under AR. Cation exchange capacity was generally low (<16.00 cmolkg-1) following this order: AR <FA < FO. The soils of the study site were classified as TypicHapludult (USDA), correlating to HaplicAcrisols (WRB). Assessment of the soils’ potentials with respect to fertility capability classification (FCC) placed the soils into two FCC units: Lehkm and Lehk covering 67% (23.91 ha) and 33 % (11.96 ha) of the study area respectively.
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