Physico-chemical characteristics and assessment of iron forms of inland swamps under rice culture in Ini Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State
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The study was conducted to assess the iron contents in rice cultivated soils in Nna Enin, Ikpe Ikot Nkon and Ogu-Itumbonuso communities, Ini Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study was to determine the particle size distribution and some chemical properties as well as the contents of forms of iron in rice-cultivated soils. In each of the locations, soil samples were collected from depths of 0-15 and 15–30 cm, after being sub-sampled from bulked samples, a total of eighteen (18) were collected in total. The
samples were analyzed in the laboratory using standard procedures. Three forms of iron viz; available, total and organic were analyzed by using hydrochloric acid extraction method, perchloric acid and nitric acid digestion method and ashing method, respectively. Data collected were analyzed after initial summary in each replication (locations) using Analysis of Variances. Significant means were compared using Least Significant Difference at 5% probability level. Correlation analyses were run for the different soil properties
and content of forms of iron at 5% probability level to establish their relationship. Results showed that sandy loam texture (NnaEnin and Ikpe Ikot Nkon) and sandy clay loam (Ogu-Itumbonuso) characterized the soils. The soils were non-saline, while the surface and subsurface soils of Nna Enin field had higher contents of organic carbon, total N and effective cation exchange capacity compared to others that were higher in the surface than the subsurface soils. The concentrations of available, organically bound and total Fe were
generally very high (>27mgkg-1) in all locations, primarily because of the parent material from which the soils were formed. Organically bound Fe of the subsurface soil of Ikpe Ikot Nkon (726.5mgkg-1), owing to spatial variations in soil properties was significantly lower than others, which were statistically similar with range from 149.01 to 116.75 mgkg-1.With the low pH, available Fe concentrations were high, due to the overall dominance of Fe in the parent material which is suggestive of the potentiality of iron toxicity for rice in the soils. To overcome the toxicity problems, acid soils should be limed; proper soil drainage should be done, as well as nutrients management practices should be done so as to improve the soil fertility.
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