Milk composition of three breeds of cattle under extensive management as influenced by parity
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Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the influence of parity on milk composition of Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani and Red Bororo breeds of cattle. A total of 270 cows, 90 per breed, replicated into three parities of 30 cows each, were used for milk proximate and mineral composition evaluation. Proximate components evaluated were crude protein, fat, ash and moisture contents while minerals included calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron and sodium. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis and where significant differences occurred, means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results revealed that breed significantly influenced milk components in the first parity, White Fulani being significantly higher in protein (4.52 %) and moisture (84.56 %) while Red Bororo was significantly higher in phosphorus (375.62 mg/L) and sodium (71.22 mg/L). Sokoto Gudali milk was however highest in fat content (3.18 %).
In the second parity, Sokoto Gudali milk was significantly higher in moisture, calcium (614.94 mg/L) and sodium (68.76 mg/L) contents than the other breeds. In the third parity, Sokoto Gudali milk was not significantly different from Red Bororo milk in fat and protein content, but they were significantly higher than the white Fulani milk in these components. The pooled effect of parity on milk composition in the three breeds of cows exhibited significant differences among the parities. Crude Protein values ranged from 3.64% (parity 3) to 4.11% (parity 1) being highest in the first parity and thereafter declined in the second and third parity. Breed and parity of the cows significantly influenced proximate and mineral components of milk samples. Proximate components such as crude protein, fat and ash, as well as calcium and mineral contents of the milk samples increased with the number of parities, third parity cow milk samples having highest values, followed by second and lastly first parity. Red Bororo and White Fulani cow milk samples harvested at the third parity could be processed for supplemental human infant feeding because of the high calcium content. The differences in milk composition based on parity provide scientific evidence for proper milk collection on the basis of milk properties.
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