Determination of hydraulic conductivity and infiltration ratesalong slopes on Coastal Plain Soils in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Soil hydraulic conductivity and infiltration of water has become highly emotive issue in Agricultural development. Improper land use management has generated soil environmental problems posing danger in crop production. This study ascertained specifically to evaluate hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate of soils along slope on coastal plain sands in
Akwa Ibom State. Soil samples were collected in upper, middle and lower slope at 0-20 cm depth, analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Infiltration rate was determined using the double rings infiltrometer. Results showed soils were predominated by sand fractions, lower (856 g kg-1)>middle (845 g kg-1) > upper (836 g kg-1). Bulk density (Bd) showed that middle slope had (1.52 M gm-3) > lower and upper (1.49 M gm-3). Total porosity (Tp)
revealed that upper slope valued (0.44 m3 m-3) > lower (0.43 m3 m-3) > middle (0.42 m3 m-3). Soils were slightly acidic with lower (5.5) > middle and upper (5.3). Low organic matter observed in all soils; upper (2.45 %), middle (2.31 %) and lower (2.19 %). Infiltration capacity result showed middle (13.84 cmmin-1) > lower (11.39 cm min-1) > upper (11.23 cm min-1), while hydraulic conductivity results revealed upper (0.53 cm hr-1) > lower (0.50 cm hr-1) > middle (0.37 cm hr-1). There was a positive correlation at p < 0.01. Upper slope had low Infiltration rate followed by lower slope with low organic matter content of the soils. Soil requires nutrient application to loosen and create larger pore spaces for water/solute transport for sustained crop productivity.
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