Phytoremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soils Using Native plant Species, Organo-mineral fertilizer and Brassinolide in Acidic Ultisol, South- eastern Nigeria
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Abstract
Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the potentials of some native plant species for phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soils. Twelve plant species (Axonopus compressus, Pennisetum purpureum (PP), Eleusine indica, Panicum maximum, Leuceana leucocephala (LL), Gliricidia sepium, Talinum fructicosum, Chromoleana odorota, Cyperus rotundus, Calapogonium mucunoides, Jatropha curcas, Centrosema pubescens) were studied under four levels of crude oil pollution (0,2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 % (w/w) using a Completely Randomized Design. Two species (PP and LL) with considerable phytoremediation potentials from the green house experiment were further studied under field condition with four levels of crude oil, organo-mineral fertilizer (OF) (5 t/ha) and brassinolide (250 ml per plant). Treatments were laid into a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Soil samples were collected and analysed for total hydrocarbon content. Results obtained from the screen house and field show that, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in total hydrocarbon content of the soil and an increase in its absorption by the plants. PP had the
highest absorption efficiency of 79.8 %, followed by LL (61.0 %) against (41.0 %) in non-amended soils and (38.6 %) in non-vegetated soil. The possible reasons for the high uptake of petroleum hydrocarbon by these two plants were due to such mechanisms as rhizodegradation. Application of OMF acts as a nutrient source for hydrocarbon degrading microbes which help in the absorption of the pollutants from the polluted soil. Therefore, PP and LL have good potentials to phytoremediate contaminants from crude oil polluted soils and are recommended.
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