Effect of variety and planting date on the performance of groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) in calabar, the humid rainforest of south eastern nigeria
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Abstract
A factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of variety and planting date on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Calabar in 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of three varieties of groundnut (SAMNUT 24, SAMNUT 25 and SAMNUT 26) planted on 17th April, 15th May, 16th June, 15th July, 17th August, 18th September and 14th October were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. Data were taken on growth and yield parameters of groundnut and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means were compared using Fishers Least Significant Difference (FLSD) at 5% level of probability. Variety had significant (P˂0.05) effect on biomass weight, number of filled pods, pods yield and seed yield of groundnut in 2020 and 2021. SAMNUT 24 produced significantly (P˂0.05) higher biomass weight and haulm weight while SAMNUT 25 had higher number of filled pods, pod yield and seed yield in both cropping seasons. Planting date had a significant (P<0.05) effect of on all the yield variables except shelling percentage. Also, October planting was affected by early end of rain in December which led to low yield. SAMNUT 25 planted in June gave the higher pod yield of 1.62 t/ha, seed yield of 1.60 t/ha, harvest index of 0.84 and higher pod yield of 1.70 t/ha in 2020 and seed yield of 1.60 t/ha, harvest index of 0.86 in 2021. Thus SAMNUT 25 is recommended for cultivation in the study area and could be planted in the month of June.
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