Free iron and aluminum oxides in soils derived from coastal plain and beach sands in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
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The status and distribution of free iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides in some soils derived from coastal plain sand (CPS) and beach sand (BHS) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, were investigated in view of the roles the metallic oxides play in aggregate stability, pH buffering, carbon sequestration and anions (nutrients and toxicants) adsorption. Twenty four samples obtained from the different genetic horizons of six representative soils were analyzed using the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) and ammonium oxalate extraction methods. Results showed low status of free Fe and Al oxides in all the soils. DCB-extractable Fe oxides (Fed ), oxalate-extractable Fe (Feo ), definite crystalline Fe oxides (Fep ), DCB-extractable Al oxides (Ald), oxalate-extractable Al oxides (Alo ) and definite crystalline Al oxides (Alp) ranged 0.92-1.59, 0.44-1.03, 0.40-0.65, 0.37-0.86, 0.19-0.47 and 0.18-0.46 gkg-1 in the CPS-derived soils but ranged 1.06-1.50, 0.47-0.93, 0.5-0.62, 0.45-0.70, 0.25-0.40 and 0.17-0.33 gkg-1 in the BHS-derived soils, respectively. The proportions of Fep and Alp were less than those of Feo and Alo in most horizons of the soils indicating the predominance of amorphous iron and aluminum oxides in the CPS/BHS soils. The Fed , Feo , Ald and Alo as well as clay/Fed and clay/Ald ratios increased down the profiles suggesting co-migration of the free oxides with clay. Fed
and Feo correlated positively with clay but negatively with organic matter in the CPS and BHS soils. Although their status were low, the oxides could still play great roles in the adsorption of anionic nutrients and pollutants.
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