HUMAN URINE AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR SMALLHOLDER CROP PRODUCTION: AGRONOMIC POTENTIAL, ADOPTION BARRIERS, AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA
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Abstract
Human urine has been recognized as a valuable resource for agriculture, a sustainable solution compared to the use of chemical fertilizers to enhance soil fertility for crop production, particularly for smallholder farmers. Rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, human urine is an underutilized resource that can serve as an effective organic fertilizer, especially for crop production. Undiluted or diluting urine with water at a ratio of 1:3 to 1:10 and allowing the mixture to sit in a tank or can with a lid for 1-6 months will significantly help in eliminating odor and create a nutrient-rich fertilizer that addresses soil fertility issues sustainably. This paper reviews the adoption of human urine as a liquid fertilizer for crop production in smallholder farmers to ameliorate food insecurity. Studies revealed that these approaches not only recycle waste materials but also offer several benefits, including cost-effectiveness, convenience/feasibility, an increase in crop yield, and safe/nutritious food. However, it presents challenges such as unpleasant odor and cultural perception regarding its use. Proper handling, storage, and application methods are crucial to maximizing its benefits while minimizing the risks. Adoption of this fertilizer can contribute to more sustainable agricultural practices for food security. Awareness and training programs to educate farmers on the application are essential for the safe usage of this fertilizer. In conclusion, this innovation presents a promising opportunity for smallholder farmers to enhance soil fertility and crop yield in a sustainable and cost-effective manner for a sustainable food system.
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